Why is genetic diversity important in coral populations?

Genetic diversity is critical in coral populations because it enhances resilience to environmental stressors. A genetically diverse group of corals has a broader range of genetic traits and adaptive capacities. This diversity allows corals to withstand various challenges such as temperature fluctuations, diseases, and ocean acidification. When environmental conditions change, some individuals within a genetically diverse population may be better suited to survive and thrive under new stresses.

In the context of coral reefs, increased resilience means that a coral population is more likely to recover from disturbances, such as bleaching events or pollution. If a population lacks genetic diversity, it becomes more susceptible to widespread mortality since all individuals may respond similarly to stressors, leading to a higher risk of extinction.

In contrast, reduced genetic diversity could impair the population's ability to adapt, making them more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change and other anthropogenic pressures. Therefore, promoting genetic diversity is essential for the longevity and health of coral ecosystems.