Which of the following is a disadvantage of land-based nurseries?

Land-based nurseries for coral restoration have several benefits, but one significant disadvantage is their high setup and operational costs. Establishing a land-based nursery typically requires substantial investment in infrastructure, technology, and ongoing maintenance. This might include expenses related to water filtration systems, temperature control, lighting, and monitoring equipment to simulate natural conditions for coral growth.

Additionally, operational costs can include utilities, materials for propagation, and staff salaries for the technical expertise needed to manage the nursery effectively. This financial burden can limit the ability of many conservation organizations or initiatives, particularly those with limited resources, to establish and sustain such nurseries.

The other options do not align with the nature of land-based nurseries. Massive coral growth is typically a desirable outcome rather than a disadvantage. Increased adaptation to wild conditions is an advantage of land-based nurseries since it allows for the gradual acclimatization of coral species before they are reintroduced to their natural habitats. Similarly, the concept of less regulatory oversight is not inherently linked to the operations of these nurseries, as they often must comply with various environmental regulations and guidelines.