Which of the following is a focus of coral restoration initiatives?

Improving coral reef biodiversity is a central focus of coral restoration initiatives because healthy, diverse ecosystems are essential for the sustainability of coral reefs. Biodiversity contributes to the resilience of coral reefs against environmental stressors such as climate change, pollution, and disease. By increasing the variety of species within a reef system, coral restoration efforts also enhance the ecological functions that these species perform, such as nutrient cycling, habitat provision, and resilience to disturbances.

The other options, while potentially beneficial in certain contexts, do not directly address the primary aims of coral restoration. Offering financial grants to fishermen might support sustainable fishing practices but does not directly impact the health of coral reefs. Constructing artificial islands can be part of specific coastal projects but does not inherently improve coral biodiversity or aid in its restoration. Regulating coastal urban development is important for protecting marine environments but focuses more on land-use impacts than on direct coral reef restoration efforts. Thus, enhancing biodiversity remains a fundamental goal of coral restoration initiatives, targeting the overall health and vitality of coral habitats.