What role do coral reefs play as natural breakwaters?

Coral reefs serve as vital natural breakwaters by dispersing wave energy and providing protection to coastlines. When waves approach a coral reef, the complex structure of the reef breaks the intensity of the waves, reducing their energy before they reach the shore. This helps to prevent erosion of coastlines, decreases the impact of storm surges during extreme weather events, and can protect coastal communities and habitats. The presence of a healthy coral reef system contributes to greater coastal resilience against natural disturbances, making it an essential component of marine ecosystems and coastal management strategies.

The other options, while true in their own contexts, do not describe the primary role of coral reefs as breakwaters. Although coral reefs do provide essential habitats for fish, enhance water quality, and store nutrients, these functions are secondary to their critical role in wave energy dispersion and coastal protection.