What is true about hermaphroditic coral species?

Hermaphroditic coral species possess both male and female reproductive organs, allowing them to spawn both eggs and sperm. This capability enhances their reproductive success, particularly in environments where the population density may fluctuate, and individuals may not encounter mates of the opposite sex frequently. By producing both gametes, hermaphroditic corals can increase genetic diversity within their populations through cross-fertilization, while also having the opportunity to self-fertilize if necessary.

Other options reflect misconceptions about hermaphroditic coral biology. For instance, stating that these corals only produce eggs would neglect the critical role of sperm production in their reproductive cycle. The idea that they release larvae directly onto the reef is inaccurate since corals typically broadcast spawn into the water column, where fertilization occurs. Finally, the concept of separate male and female colonies pertains to dioecious species, not hermaphroditic ones, which inherently possess both reproductive capabilities within a single organism.