How does poor water quality affect coral reefs?

Poor water quality significantly inhibits coral growth and increases stress on coral reefs. When water quality declines, typically due to factors such as pollution, nutrient loading, or sedimentation, corals experience various physiological stress responses. High nutrient levels can lead to algal blooms, which compete with corals for space and resources, inhibit sunlight penetration, and can smother the corals. Additionally, contaminants and pollutants can cause coral diseases and reduce reproductive success, further impacting coral populations and their ability to thrive.

In contrast, other options incorrectly suggest positive or neutral effects on corals. For instance, the notion that poor water quality promotes coral growth overlooks the critical relationship between corals and their environment. Similarly, to claim there is no effect or that it enhances color disregards the established science demonstrating that healthy corals thrive in clear, clean water. Therefore, recognizing how poor water quality leads to stress and growth inhibition is essential for understanding coral ecology and the importance of maintaining healthy marine ecosystems.