How does ocean acidification affect coral reefs?

Ocean acidification significantly impacts coral reefs primarily by reducing the availability of carbonate ions. When carbon dioxide (CO2) is absorbed by seawater, it reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which lowers the pH of the water. This process results in a decrease in the concentration of carbonate ions, which are essential for corals and other marine organisms to build their calcium carbonate skeletons.

Corals rely on these carbonate ions to grow and maintain their structures. A reduction in carbonate ion availability hampers their ability to calcify, which is crucial for forming and sustaining coral reefs. Healthy coral ecosystems are vital not only for biodiversity but also for coastal protection and supporting fisheries. Thus, the connection between ocean acidification and the availability of carbonate ions is a key concept in understanding the challenges faced by coral reefs in a changing ocean environment.