How does nutrient enrichment negatively affect coral reefs?

Nutrient enrichment can have detrimental effects on coral reefs primarily by leading to algal blooms. When there is an increase in nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, it spurs the rapid growth of algae. These algal blooms can outcompete corals for space, light, and resources necessary for their survival and growth.

Coral reefs thrive in nutrient-poor environments, and the presence of excess nutrients can disrupt the delicate balance of these ecosystems. When algae proliferate, they can shade corals, preventing them from receiving adequate sunlight, which is essential for their photosynthetic symbiotic partners, zooxanthellae. This process can ultimately lead to coral decline and reduced biodiversity within the reef system. The onslaught of algae can also alter the overall community structure of the reef, negatively impacting various marine species that depend on corals for habitat.

Therefore, the primary concern with nutrient enrichment is its role in promoting algal dominance, which undermines coral health and resilience, illustrating that while some may assume additional nutrients could benefit aquatic life, the unintended consequences can be quite destructive.